Jacobian ratio is computed and tested for all elements except triangles and tetrahedra that (a) are linear (have no midside nodes) or (b) have perfectly centered midside nodes. A high ratio indicates that the mapping between element space and real space is becoming computationally unreliable.
The jacobian is a scale factor arising because of the transformation of the coordinate system. Elements are tansformed from the global coordinates to local coordinates (defined at the centroid of every element), for faster analysis times.
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